research about basic early animation

Zoetrope  wat is ..?? 

 

Is a device that produce  an illusion of action from a rapid succession of static pictures. Zoetrope is a greek word . “zoe” means “life”,” trope/tropos” means “ turn”.

Wat do we need..??

Cylinder wit slits cut vertical in sides, sequenced drawings or photographs. Place the drawings or photograph in cylinder,and spin it to see the pictures on the opposite sites through the slits. A rapid succession of images produce an illusion of motion.

Inventor and Upgrader :-

Early zoetrope was invented in China (180 AD) by Ding HUan.

The modern zoetrope was invented in 1834 by William George Homer an british mathematician. He named it Daedalum (the wheel of devil). Tis technic failed to become popular  until 1860s when an maker  from England and America patented it. The american developer William F Lincoln names is toy the zoetrope, which means Wheel of life.

Stages

Modern time:- in 19th century praxinoscope the improvement of zoetrope became popular. The early project was in 1860s were iyt was displayed using magic lantern.  

Subway zoetropes :- in September 1980 film maker Bill Brand installed a linear type of zoetrope where he called the ‘Masstransiscope’. It consist of 228 slits face in linear wall.

Other modern zetropes :-

World record:-

In 2008 Artem Limited, a UK visual effects house, built for Sony a 10 meter wide, 10 tonne zoetrope, called the BRAVIA-drome, to promote their motion interpolation technology. Sixty-four images of the Brazilian footballer Kaká were used to demonstrate that with increased frame rate (rotation rate of the zoetrope), there is increased smoothness of motion. This has been declared the largest zoetrope in the world by Guinness World Records.^[10][11]

PRAXINOSCOPE 1877

Invented by a Frenchmen, Emile Reynaud (1844-1918). Its was an improvement of the Phenakistiscope and zoetrope in 1877. It consist of a cylinder with band of coloured images set inside, a central drum of mirrors was exactly equidistant between the axis and mirror drum. By produced the praxinoscope commercially, receiving an honourable mention in the Paris Exposition of 1878.

The praxinoscope was an animation device, the successor to the zoetrope. It was invented in France in 1877 by Charles-Émile Reynaud. Like the zoetrope, it used a strip of pictures placed around the inner surface of a spinning cylinder. The praxinoscope improved on the zoetrope by replacing its narrow viewing slits with an inner circle of mirrors, placed so that the reflections of the pictures appeared more or less stationary in position as the wheel turned. Someone looking in the mirrors would therefore see a rapid succession of images producing the illusion of motion, with a brighter and less distorted picture than the zoetrope offered.

In 1889 Reynaud developed the Théâtre Optique, an improved version capable of projecting images on a screen from a longer roll of pictures. This allowed him to show hand-drawn animated cartoons to larger audiences, but it was soon eclipsed in popularity by the photographic film projector of the Lumière brothers.

A 20th century adaptation of the praxinoscope were Red Raven Magic Mirror and records. The mirror surfaced carousel sits on a spindle in the center of a record player. When the special 78 rpm picture records are played the images printed around the paper label animate. (See Unusual types of gramophone records)

The word praxinoscope translates roughly as "action viewer", from the Greek roots πραξι- (confer πρᾶξις "action") and scop- (confer σκοπός "watcher").